W 17

1.          Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc (ca. 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of "insubordination and heterodoxy", and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old.

2.          Ithaca, New York

The city of Ithaca is a city in central New York and the county seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca-Tompkins County metropolitan area (which also contains the separate municipalities of the town of Ithaca, the village of Cayuga Heights, the village of Lansing and other towns and villages in Tompkins County). The city of Ithaca sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York. It is named for the Greek island of Ithaca.

3.          Ithaca rocky

Bright-eye Athena

Bull-eye Hera

4.          Homer

In the Western classical tradition, Homer is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, and is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets. These epics lie at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of literature.

5.          Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The three founders were joined by William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens and Thomas Woolner to form the seven-member "brotherhood".

6.          Persephone

In Greek mythology, Persephone, also called Kore ("the maiden"),[1] is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest-goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic queen of the underworld, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead. Persephone was abducted by Hades, the god-king of the underworld. The myth of her abduction represents her function as the personification of vegetation which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest; hence she is also associated with spring and with the seeds of the fruits of the fields. Similar myths appear in the Orient, in the cults of male gods like Attis, Adonis and Osiris, and in Minoan Crete.

7.          Lady Godiva

Godiva— known as Lady Godiva — was an 11th-century Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who, according to a legend dating back at least to the 13th century, rode naked through the streets of Coventry in order to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation imposed by her husband on his tenants. The name "Peeping Tom" for a voyeur originates from later versions of this legend in which a man named Tom had watched her ride and was struck blind or dead.

8.          Dionysus

Dionysus was the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek mythology. His name in Linear B tablets shows he was worshipped from c. 1500—1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks: other traces of Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete. His origins are uncertain, and his cults took many forms; some are described by ancient sources as Thracian, others as Greek. In some cults, he arrives from the east, as an Asiatic foreigner; in others, from Ethiopia in the South. He is a god of epiphany, "the god that comes," and his "foreignness" as an arriving outsider-god may be inherent and essential to his cults. He is a major, popular figure of Greek mythology and religion, and is included in some lists of the twelve Olympians. Dionysus was the last god to be accepted into Mt. Olympus. He was the youngest and the only one to have a mortal mother. His festivals were the driving force behind the development of Greek theatre. He is an example of a dying god.

9.          Semele

Semele, in Greek mythology, daughter of the Boeotian hero Cadmus and Harmonia, was the mortal mother of Dionysus by Zeus in one of his many origin myths. The name "Semele", like other elements of Dionysiac cult (e.g., thyrsus and dithyramb), is not Greek but Thraco-Phrygian, derived from a PIE root meaning "earth".

10.      Phallus

A phallus is an erect penis, a penis-shaped object, or a mimetic image of an erect penis. Any object that symbolically resembles a penis may also be referred to as a phallus; however, such objects are more often referred to as being phallic (as in "phallic symbol"). Such symbols often represent the fertility and cultural implications that are associated with the male sexual organ, as well as the male orgasm.

W 16

1.          Alexander Pope

Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) was an 18th-century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. Famous for his use of the heroic couplet, he is the third-most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, after Shakespeare and Tennyson.

2.          Sound and Sense - a poem by Alexander Pope

True ease in writing comes from art, not chance,

As those move easiest who have learned to dance.

'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense,

The sound must seem an echo to the sense:

Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently blows,

And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flows;

But when loud surges lash the sounding shore,

The hoarse, rough verse should like the torrent roar;

When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,

The line too labors, and the words move slow;

Not so, when swift Camilla scours the plain,

Flies o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the main.

Hear how Timotheus' varied lays surprise,

And bid alternate passions fall and rise!

3.          John Keats

John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his work only having been in publication for four years before his death.

4.          La Belle Dame sans Merci

La Belle Dame sans Merci (French: "The Beautiful Lady Without Mercy" ) is a ballad written by the English poet John Keats. It exists in two versions, with minor differences between them. The original was written by Keats in 1819. He used the title of a 15th century poem by Alain Chartier, though the plots of the two poems are different. The poem is considered an English classic, stereotypical to other of Keats' works. It avoids simplicity of interpretation despite simplicity of structure. At only a short twelve stanzas, of only four lines each, with a simple ABCB rhyme scheme, the poem is nonetheless full of enigmas, and has been the subject of numerous interpretations.

5.          William the Conqueror

William I (Old Norman: Williame I; c. 1028 – 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. The descendant of Viking raiders, he had been Duke of Normandy since 1035 under the style William II. After a long struggle to establish his power, by 1060 his hold on Normandy was secure, and he launched the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son.

6.          Matthew Arnold

Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was a British poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator. Matthew Arnold has been characterized as a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues.

7.          Dover Beach

"Dover Beach" is a short lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold.[1] It was first published in 1867 in the collection New Poems, but surviving notes indicate its composition may have begun as early as 1849. The most likely date is 1851.

The title, locale and subject of the poem's descriptive opening lines is the shore of the English ferry port of Dover, Kent, facing Calais, France, at the Strait of Dover, the narrowest part (21 miles) of the English Channel, where Arnold honeymooned in 1851.

8.          Carpe diem

Carpe diem is a phrase from a Latin poem by Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65 BC – 8 BC), more widely known as Horace, that has become an aphorism. It is popularly translated as "seize the day". Carpe is the second-person singular present active imperative of the Latin verb carpō, which literally means "You pick, pluck, pluck off, cull, crop, gather, to eat food, to serve, to want", but Ovid used the word in the sense of, "enjoy, seize, use, make use of".

9.          Metaphysical poets

The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know or read each other.

10.      Conceit

In literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century.

11.      To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time

"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time" is a poem written by Robert Herrick in the 17th century. The poem is in the genre of carpe diem, Latin for seize the day. The opening stanza, one of his more famous, is as follows:

Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,

Old Time is still a-flying;

And this same flower that smiles today,

Tomorrow will be dying.

W 15

1.          W. H. Auden

Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973), who published as W. H. Auden, was an Anglo-American poet, born in England, later an American citizen, regarded by many critics as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. His work is noted for its stylistic and technical achievements, its engagement with moral and political issues, and its variety of tone, form and content. The central themes of his poetry are love, politics and citizenship, religion and morals, and the relationship between unique human beings and the anonymous, impersonal world of nature.

2.          E. E. Cummings

Edward Estlin "E.E." Cummings (October 14, 1894 — September 3, 1962) was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. His body of work encompasses approximately 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays and several essays, as well as numerous drawings and paintings. He is remembered as an eminent voice of 20th century poetry.

3.          Robert Burns

Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796) (also known as Robbie Burns, Rabbie Burns, Scotland's favourite son, the Ploughman Poet, Robden of Solway Firth, the Bard of Ayrshire and in Scotland as The Bard) was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest

4.          Edgar Allan Poe

Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.

5.          Emily Dickinson

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10, 1830 – May 15, 1886) was an American poet. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a successful family with strong community ties, she lived a mostly introverted and reclusive life. After she studied at the Amherst Academy for seven years in her youth, she spent a short time at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before returning to her family's house in Amherst. Thought of as an eccentric by the locals, she became known for her penchant for white clothing and her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room. Most of her friendships were therefore carried out by correspondence.

6.          W. B. Yeats

William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years he served as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival and, along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn, and others, founded the Abbey Theatre, where he served as its chief during its early years. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature as the first Irishman so honoured for what the Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation." Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize; such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929). Yeats was a very good friend of American expatriate poet and Bollingen Prize laureate Ezra Pound. Yeats wrote the introduction for Gitanjali, which was about to be published by the India Society.

7.          John Donne

John Donne (between 24 January and 19 June 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, satirist, lawyer and a cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His works are noted for their strong, sensual style and include sonnets, love poetry, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs, satires and sermons. His poetry is noted for its vibrancy of language and inventiveness of metaphor, especially compared to that of his contemporaries. Donne's style is characterised by abrupt openings and various paradoxes, ironies and dislocations. These features, along with his frequent dramatic or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough eloquence, were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional Elizabethan poetry and an adaptation into English of European baroque and mannerist techniques. His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense knowledge of British society and he met that knowledge with sharp criticism. Another important theme in Donne’s poetry is the idea of true religion, something that he spent much time considering and theorising about. He wrote secular poems as well as erotic and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysical conceits.

W 14

1.          Response Paper

p. 40, 1775, 637, 642(citation)

2.          Other

p. 43, 203, 640

3.          An Education

An Education is a 2009 British coming-of-age drama film, based on a memoir of the same name by British journalist Lynn Barber. The film was directed by Lone Scherfig from a screenplay by Nick Hornby, and stars Carey Mulligan as Jenny, a bright schoolgirl, and Peter Sarsgaard as David, the charming con man who seduces her. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards in 2010 including Best Picture and Best Actress for Carey Mulligan.

An Education premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim. It screened on 10 September 2009 at the Toronto International Film Festival and was featured at the Telluride by the Sea Film Festival in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA, on 19 September 2009. The film was shown on 9 October 2009, at the Mill Valley Film Festival. It was released in the US on 16 October 2009 and in the UK on 30 October 2009.

W 13

1.          Infamous=notorious

2.          William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was Britain's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.

3.          I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" (also commonly known as "Daffodils") is a lyric poem by William Wordsworth.

I wandered lonely as a Cloud

I wandered lonely as a Cloud

That floats on high o'er Vales and Hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd

A host of dancing Daffodils;

Along the Lake, beneath the trees,

Ten thousand dancing in the breeze.

The waves beside them danced, but they

Outdid the sparkling waves in glee: -

A poet could not but be gay

In such a laughing company:

I gaz'd - and gaz'd - but little thought

What wealth the shew to me had brought:

For oft when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude,

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the Daffodils.

4.          Personification

Anthropomorphism, or personification, is attribution of human form or other characteristics to anything other than a human being. Examples include depicting deities with human form and ascribing human emotions or motives to forces of nature, such as hurricanes or earthquakes.

5.          Bert and Ernie

Bert and Ernie are two Muppet characters who are major protagonists on the popular U.S. children's television show Sesame Street that appear together in numerous skits. Originated by Frank Oz and Jim Henson, the characters are currently performed by Muppeteers Eric Jacobson and Steve Whitmire, with Oz performing Bert occasionally since 2000. Ernie is orange and Bert is yellow.

6.          Complexion

Complexion refers to the natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, especially that of the face.

7.          Denmark is a prison from Hamlet: Act 2, Scene 2, Page 11

W 12

1.          sentimental value

The personal value of an object, derived from the personal memories associated with it.

2.          Omen

An omen (also called portent or presage) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change. Though the word "omen" is usually devoid of reference to the change's nature, hence being possibly either "good" or "bad," the term is more often used in a foreboding sense, as with the word "ominous". The origin of the word is unknown, although it may be connected with the Latin word audire, meaning "to hear."

3.          Metaphysical poets

The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know or read each other.

4.          Conceit

In literature, a conceit is an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem. By juxtaposing, usurping and manipulating images and ideas in surprising ways, a conceit invites the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Extended conceits in English are part of the poetic idiom of Mannerism, during the later sixteenth and early seventeenth century.

Vocabulary: a rose for emily

391

1.          monument  n 紀念碑, 紀念塔, 紀念館

2.          combined  j 聯合的; 相加的

3.          squarish  j 近似方形的, 呈方形的

4.          cupola  n 【建】穹頂, 圓屋頂; 圓頂閣

5.          spire  n 尖塔; 尖頂; 錐形體

6.          scrolled  j 卷軸形的; 彎曲的

7.          lightsome  j 發光的; 明亮的

8.          garage  n 車房, 車庫; 飛機庫

9.          gin  n 軋棉機, 軋花機; 軋棉廠, 軋花廠

10.      encroach  v 侵入; 侵佔

11.      obliterate  v 擦掉...的痕跡; 沖刷(掉); 消滅

12.      coquettish  j 妖艷的

13.      eyesore  n 看上去不順眼的東西

14.      cedar  n 西洋杉; 雪松; 香柏

bemuse  v 使困惑; 使茫然

15.      cemetery  n 公墓, 墓地

16.      father  v 創始; 創立

17.      edict  n 官方命令; 勒令; 佈告

18.      remit  v豁免(捐稅等), 免除(處罰)

19.      dispensation  n (義務等的)免除

20.      perpetuity  n 永遠; 永存; 不滅

21.      alderman  n (美國的)市議員

22.      archaic  j 古代的, 古老的

23.      enclose  v 把(公文, 票據等)封入

24.      deputation  n 代理任命; 代表

392

1.          dim  j 微暗的; 暗淡的

hall  n 門廳; 走廊

2.          disuse  n 不用; 廢棄

3.          dank  j 透水的; 潮濕的

4.          parlor  n 客廳; 起居室

5.          blind  n 百葉窗; 窗簾

6.          sluggishly  adv 慢吞吞地; 懶怠地

7.          thigh  n 股, 大腿

8.          mote  n 塵埃; 微粒

9.          tarnished  j 暗晦了的

10.      gilt  j 鍍金的; 金色的

11.      easel  n 畫架; 黑板架

12.      ebony  j 黑檀木製的

13.      cane  n 手杖, 柺杖

14.      tarnished  j 暗晦了的

15.      spare  j瘦的

skeleton  n骨骼; 骸骨

16.      plumpness  n胖, 豐滿, 圓滾滾

17.      bloated  j傲慢的

18.      pallid  j無血色的, 蒼白的; 暗淡的

hue  n顏色, 色彩

19.      ridge  n (狹長的)隆起部; (鼻)梁; 田壟

20.      errand  n差事, 差使

21.      stumble  v踉蹌, 蹣跚而行

halt  n蹣跚

22.      consider

23.      vanquish  v征服, 擊敗; 克服, 抑制

24.      teeming  j充滿的; 擁擠的; 熱鬧的

25.      deprecation  n反對

393

1.          slunk  slink  v 潛行; 潛逃; 溜走

2.          sow  v 播(種)

3.          sack  n 袋; 粗布袋; 麻袋

4.          slung  sling  v 吊, 吊起; 吊掛; 懸掛

5.          torso  n (人體的)軀幹

6.          locust  n 【植】洋槐, 刺槐

7.          tableau  n 動人的場面; 戲劇性的場面

8.          slender  j 修長的, 苗條的; 纖細的

9.          spraddle  v 跨坐

10.      silhouette  n 輪廓

11.      clutch  v 抓住; 攫取

12.      horsewhip  n 馬鞭

13.      frame  v 給...裝框子

14.      flung  fling  v (用力地)扔, 擲, 拋, 丟

15.      vindicate  v 證明...無辜, 為...辯白

16.      insanity  n 瘋狂; 精神錯亂

17.      materialize  v 使具體化; 使有形

18.      pauper  n 窮人, 貧民; 乞丐

19.      humanize  v 變得有人性; 變得仁慈

20.      condolence  n (常複數)弔辭; 弔唁; 慰問

21.      grief  n 悲痛, 悲傷

22.      resort  v 訴諸, 憑藉, 求助

23.      cling to  v 緊握不放

24.      serene  j 安詳的; 穩重的

25.      nigger  n 【俚】黑鬼(輕蔑黑人的用語)

26.      mule  n 騾

27.      foreman  n 工頭, 領班

394

1.          cuss  v 亂罵; 咒

2.          buggy  n 【美】四輪單馬輕便馬車

3.          kinsfolk  n (總稱)家屬, 親屬

4.          crane  v 伸(頸)

5.          satin  n 緞

6.          clop  n 馬蹄聲

7.          earthiness  n 質樸, 率直

8.          reaffirm  v 再斷言; 再肯定; 重申

9.          impervious  j 不受影響的; 不為所動的

10.      arsenic  n 【化】砷; 砒霜

11.      druggist  n (兼營雜貨的)藥房老板

12.      haughty  j 高傲的, 傲慢的, 自大的

13.      strain  v 拉緊; 拖緊; 伸張

14.      temple  n (專供某種活動之用的)殿堂, 會堂

15.      eye socket  n 【解】眼窩

16.      erect  j 直立的, 垂直的, 豎起的

17.      tilt  v 使傾斜; 使翹起

395

1.          glitter  v 閃閃發光, 閃爍

2.          cock  v 使歪斜; 使轉向

3.          rein  n 韁繩

4.          Baptist  n 浸禮會教友

5.          divulge  v 洩露; 暴露

6.          kin  n 家族; 親戚; 同類

7.          outfit  n (尤指在特殊場合穿的)全套服裝

8.          nightshirt  n 男用長睡衫

9.          blow  v 【美】【澳】【口】吹牛, 自誇

10.      cabal  n 陰謀

11.      circumvent  v 以智取勝; 規避; 防止...發生

12.      sprinkle  v 灑, 噴淋; 撒

13.      lime  n 石灰 

14.      thwart  v 反對, 阻撓; 使受挫折; 挫敗

15.      virulent  j 劇毒的; 致命的

16.      pepper-and-salt  黑白相間的; 芝麻點的

396

1.          postal  j 郵政的; 郵局的; 郵件的; 郵遞的

2.          stooped  j 駝背的

3.          carven  j 雕刻的

torso  n (人體的)軀幹

4.          niche  n 壁龕

5.          impervious  j 不受影響的; 不為所動的

6.          perverse  j 倔強的; 剛愎自用的, 乖戾的

7.          doddering  j 心智衰退的; (因年老而)衰弱的

8.          harsh  j 粗糙的

9.          rusty  j 生鏽的

10.      walnut  n 胡桃; 胡桃樹

11.      prop  v 支撐

12.      moldy  j 發霉的; 陳腐的; 乏味的

13.      sibilant  j 絲絲作響的

14.      crayon  n 顏色粉筆; 蠟筆; 炭筆

15.      muse  v 沈思, 冥想

profoundly  adv 深深地; 深切地; 深刻地

16.      bier  n 棺架; 屍架

macabre  j 可怕的; 恐怖的

17.      brushed  j (織物)拉過絨的

18.      court  v 企圖獲得; 追求

19.      meadow  n 草地, 牧草地

20.      bottleneck  n 瓶頸

21.      decently  adv 合適地; 體面地;有禮貌地

22.      acrid  j (味道等)刺激的; 辣的, 苦的

23.      pall  n 棺罩; 柩衣

24.      deck  v 裝飾, 打扮

25.      furnish  v 給(房間)配置(傢俱等); 裝備

26.      bridal  n 婚禮; 結婚喜筵

27.      valance  n 床沿掛布; 帷幔; 掛布

28.      delicate  j 脆的, 易碎的; 嬌貴的

29.      tarnished  j 暗晦了的

30.      monogram  n (將姓名的首字母組成的)花押字

31.      obscure  j 模糊的; 含糊不清的; 晦澀的,

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1.          crescent  n 新月狀物

2.          mute  j 啞的, 不會說話的

3.          discard  v 拋棄, 摒棄, 丟棄

fleshless  j 無肉體的  瘦弱的

4.          embrace  n 擁抱; 懷抱

5.          outlast  v 比...命長

6.          grimace  n (表示痛苦、輕蔑、厭惡等的)鬼臉

7.          cuckold  v 與...的妻子通姦

8.          rot  v 腐爛, 腐壞; 腐朽, 破損

9.          inextricable  j 逃脫不掉的

10.      bide  v 等待, 停留

11.      indentation  n 凹口, 凹陷

12.      nostril  n 鼻孔